Introduction & Objective: Transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) is a well established method for obtaining pathologic diagnosis in the LUNG MASS that performed after a previous negative bronchoscopy. The gole of this study is the evaluation of safety and accuracy of ultrasonographic guided TTNB for diagnosis of PERIPHERAL LUNG MASSes.Materials & Methods: In a cross - sectional study from September 2005, 30 patients with PERIPHERAL LUNG MASS, greater than 3cm in diameter and less 5cm distance to the chest wall, underwent ultrasonographic guided TTNB and diagnostic accuracy and complications were analyzed.Results: In this group male to female ratio was 2 to one; with average age at 61.2 years. 60% of lesions located in right side, the adequate biopsy specimens were obtained in all patients, but TTNB and diagnostic in 86.6%. 13.3% of patients underwent thoracotomy for definitive diagnosis. Pathological diagnoses were malignant in 83.3% and benign in 16.6% of cases. Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma were the most common malignant diagnoses. In benign lesions, tuberculosis was the most common one. Complications were observed in 13.3% that included pneumothorax (6.6%) and hemoptysis (6.6%), mortality wasn’t observed.Conclusions: TTNB with ultrasonographic guided due to appropriate diagnostic accuracy and low complication rate with low cost and availability was recommended for diagnosis of PERIPHERAL LUNG MASSes.

Background: Transthoracic needle biopsy is a well established method for obtaining pathologic diagnosis in the LUNG MASS that performed after a previous negative bronocoscopy. The goal of this study is evaluation of the safety and accuracy of ultrasonographic guided transthoracic needle biopsy for diagnosing PERIPHERAL LUNG MASS.Methods: In a descriptive and prospective study from September 2005, 30 patients with PERIPHERAL LUNG MASS with greater than3cm in diameter and less than 5cm distance through the chest wall, underwent ultrasonographic guided transthoracic needle biopsy and it’s diagnostic accuracy and complications were analyzed.Results: The male to female ratio was two to one, the average age of the patients was 61.2 years and 60% of the lesions were located in right side. Adequate biopsy specimens were obtained in all patients, but transthoracic needle biopsy was diagnostic in 86.6% and 13.3% patients because doubtful diagnosis, who underwent thoracotomy for definitive diagnosis. From these four (13%) patient who needed thoracotomy definitive diagnosis were organized embolism, granulomatouse tuberculosis, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, and metastatic adenocarsinoma. Pathological diagnosis were malignant lesion in83.3% that squamouse cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were the most common malignancies and benign lesions were found in16.6% that granulomatouse tuberculosis was the most common lesion. Complications were observed in13.3% that included pneumothorax (6.6%) and hemoptysis (6.6%) that managed medically. No cases of mortality were observed.Conclusion: Transthoracic needle biopsy with ultrasonographic guide due to appropriale diagnostic accuracy and low complication rate with low cost and availability is recommended for the diagnosis of PERIPHERAL LUNG MASS.

Introduction: Transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) is a well established method for obtaining pathologic diagnosis in the LUNG MASSes that is performed after a previous negative bronchoscopy. The goal of this study was evaluation of the safety and accuracy of ultrasonography guided TNB in diagnosis of PERIPHERAL LUNG MASSes. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was done from 200S to 2006 in Ghaem Hospital. 30 patients with PERIPHERAL LUNG MASS, greater than 3cm in diameter and within 5cm from the chest wall, underwent ultrasonography guided TTNB. Data was gathered in a questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables. Results: Male to female ratio was about 1:2, and means age was 61.2 years. 60% lesions were located in the right side. Adequate biopsy specimens were obtained in all patients; but TNB was diagnostic in 86.6%, 13.3% patients underwent thoracotomy for definitive diagnosis. Pathological diagnoses were malignant in 83.3%, with SCC and ACC being the most common, and benign in 16.6%, the most common of which was tuberculosis. Complications were observed in 13.3%, including pneumothorax in 6.6%, and hemoptysis in 6.6%; mortality was not observed.Conclusion: According to this study, TNB with ultrasonography guide due to appropriate diagnostic accuracy and low complication rate with low cost and good availability is recommended for diagnosis of PERIPHERAL LUNG MASS.

Background: In patients suspected of having LUNG cancer but with no evidence of endobronchial lesion, biopsies taken by transbronchial, percutaneous or open LUNG surgery can contribute to diagnostic yield but each with their limitations and complications. Recently, cytologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens has been shown to improve the diagnostic yield for PERIPHERAL lesions. The objective of this study was to determine the value of bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in diagnosing PERIPHERAL LUNG cancer in Imam Khomeini Hospital.Materials & Methods: We performed a study among 47 admitted patients with biopsy proven PERIPHERAL LUNG cancer in whom bronchoalveolar lavage cytology was studied.Results: In patients with a PERIPHERAL lesion, BAL was positive for malignant cells in 36.2%.Conclusion: Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology was proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool in PERIPHERAL LUNG cancer in our country.

Pulmonary MASS lesions are very commonly encountered in our practice. Sometimes they present as homogenous opacity on a Chest Xray or CT scan and sometimes as a collapsed LUNG. Most of them are malignant and some are benign also. LUNG infections rarely present as endobronchial MASS. Only histopathology can aid us in diagnosing. One rare disease that can present as an invasive MASS lesion is Pulmonary actinomycosis. We present a case of LUNG actinomycosis coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis that presented to us with the complaint of right LUNG collapse and effusion due to endobronchial growth mimicking LUNG malignancy.

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in the development and deployment of control methods that use different components of the building to mitigate the seismic response of the structure. Meanwhile, the building facade, as a non-structural component, can be a suitable alternative in affecting the structure's behavior because of its role as an envelope of the building with a significant weight. Among the modular cladding systems, the Double Skin Facade (DSF) can be considered a passive system due to the distance of the exterior layer from the main structure and sufficient continuity and rigidity.  In this study, DSF systems are used as PERIPHERAL MASS Dampers (PMDs) that control structural movements by dissipating energy during strong motions. The PMD system provides a building with several inherent dampers without the need for extra MASS. To show the reliability and efficiency of the proposed approach, the PMD model is investigated and compared with results available in uncontrolled and Tuned MASS Damper (TMD) models. The PMD model is examined in three structural frames with 10, 20, and 30 stories with the extreme MASS Ratios (MRs) of 5% to 20%. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is performed on damper parameters of PMD and TMD systems to minimize structural responses. The results demonstrate that an optimal PMD system with multiple inherent MASS dampers outperforms a single TMD system.

2Background and Aims: Simulation-based medical education is effective for developing and improving critical care-related clinical skills training and reducing patient safety threats. The present study aimed to describe the technological approach of building and evaluating a prototype of a LUNG Box (LB) mechanical ventilation simulator. Materials and Methods: In this practical study with an analytical approach, the device's body, constructed from 5 mm plexiglass sheets, occupies a respiratory circuit, an airflow obstruction system, a pressure gauge manometer, a spring-loaded manual system to apply limits on the bag inflation range, a tidal volume measurement system, a respiratory trigger simulator system, and a four-layer accordion-style plastic bag assembly that can be inflated and deflated with air. Additionally, there is a user manual storage box along with it. Results: The design and drawing of the device's map were performed with AutoCAD software, and the parts were assembled after laser cutting. The device was connected to the ICU ventilator, and the respiratory mode of continuous forced ventilation was selected. Prior to ventilation, the tidal volumes were selected to be 0.60, 0.55, 0.50, 0.45, and 0.40 ml, and respiratory rates were set as 18, 15, 12, and 9 bpm. The simulation of the respiratory trigger was performed with different values ​​of flow sensitivity (0.05-15 lit/min). There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in terms of the reproducibility of the values ​​of the selected variables for the test LUNG (TL) with those chosen for LB. Conclusion: In this technical study, a prototype educational mechanical ventilation simulator was developed and functionally tested using the concepts of fluid dynamics and respiratory physiology. Compared with conventional TL, this device is accurate and efficient enough.